抹面砂漿和抗裂砂漿都是適用于內(nèi)外墻面的找平材料，它們都能用于墻面的基面處理，起到找平、保護、防侵蝕的作用。

　　Both plastering mortar and crack resistant mortar are leveling materials suitable for interior and exterior walls. They can be used for surface treatment of walls, playing a role in leveling, protection, and erosion prevention.

　　1.定義

　　1. Definition

　　用于涂抹建筑物或建筑物表面的砂漿，都叫抹面砂漿。根據(jù)抹面砂漿的功能不同，可分為普通抹面砂漿、裝飾砂漿、防水砂漿、隔音砂漿等。對抹面砂漿的要求時需要具有良好的和易性，容易涂抹成均勻的薄層，便于基面施工。同時還需要提高粘結(jié)力，砂漿層應(yīng)與基層粘結(jié)牢固，長期不開裂或者不脫落。在潮濕的環(huán)境中或者易受外力作用的區(qū)域(如地面和墻裙)，還需要有較高的耐水性和強度。

　　The mortar used to apply to buildings or building surfaces is called plastering mortar. According to the different functions of plastering mortar, it can be divided into ordinary plastering mortar, decorative mortar, waterproof mortar, soundproof mortar, etc. When it comes to the requirements for plastering mortar, it needs to have good workability, be easy to apply into a uniform thin layer, and facilitate the construction of the base surface. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the bonding strength. The mortar layer should be firmly bonded to the base layer without cracking or falling off for a long time. In damp environments or areas susceptible to external forces such as floors and wall skirts, high water resistance and strength are also required.

　　抹面砂漿一般是薄抹灰，而且抹面砂漿還有破板率的要求。成本比抗裂砂漿高，保溫板的變形比較大，柔性相對好一些。

　　The plastering mortar is generally thin plastering, and there is a requirement for the breaking rate of the plastering mortar. The cost is higher than that of crack resistant mortar, the deformation of insulation board is relatively large, and the flexibility is relatively better.

　　2.特點

　　2. Characteristics

　　與砌筑砂漿相比，抹面砂漿具有以下特點：

　　Compared with masonry mortar, plastering mortar has the following characteristics:

　　①抹面層不承受荷載；

　　① The plastering layer does not bear any load;

　　②抹面層與基底層要有足夠的粘結(jié)強度，使其在施工中或長期自重和環(huán)境作用下不脫落、不開裂；

　　② The plaster layer and the base layer should have sufficient bonding strength to prevent them from falling off or cracking during construction or under long-term self weight and environmental effects;

　　③抹面層多為薄層，并分層涂抹，面層要求平整、光潔、細致、美觀；

　　③ The surface layer is mostly thin and applied layer by layer. The surface layer should be smooth, polished, delicate, and aesthetically pleasing;

　　④多用于干燥環(huán)境，大面積暴露在空氣中。

　　④ Mostly used in dry environments and exposed to large areas of air.

　　3.作用

　　3. Function

　　抹面砂漿常分兩層或三層進行施工：

　　The plastering mortar is often constructed in two or three layers:

　　（1）底層砂漿的作用是使砂漿與基層能牢固地粘結(jié)，  應(yīng)有良好的保水性。

　　(1) The function of the bottom mortar is to ensure a strong bond between the mortar and the base layer, and it should have good water retention.

　　（2）中層主要是為了找平，有時可省去不做。

　　(2) The middle level is mainly for leveling, sometimes it can be omitted.

　　（3）面層主要為了獲得平整、光潔地表面效果。

　　(3) The surface layer is mainly used to achieve a flat and smooth surface effect.

　　4.材料選擇

　　4. Material selection

　　各層抹灰面的作用和要求不同，每層所選用的砂漿也不一樣。同時，基底材料的特性和工程部位不同，對砂漿技術(shù)性能要求不同，這也是選擇砂漿種類的主要依據(jù)。水泥砂漿宜用于潮濕或強度要求較高的部位；混合砂漿多用于室內(nèi)底層或中層或面層抹灰；石灰砂漿、麻刀灰、紙筋灰多用于室內(nèi)中層或面層抹灰。對混凝土基面多用水泥石灰混合砂漿。對于木板條基底及面層，多用纖維材料增加其抗拉強度，以防止開裂。

　　The functions and requirements of each plastering surface are different, and the mortar used for each layer is also different. At the same time, the characteristics of the base material and the different engineering parts require different technical performance requirements for mortar, which is also the main basis for selecting the type of mortar. Cement mortar is suitable for use in damp or areas with high strength requirements; Mixed mortar is commonly used for indoor bottom, middle, or surface plastering; Lime mortar, hemp knife ash, and paper reinforcement ash are commonly used for plastering indoor middle or surface layers. Cement lime mixed mortar is commonly used for concrete base surfaces. For the base and surface layer of wood batten, fiber materials shall be used to increase its tensile strength to prevent cracking.

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